What is Endodontics?

Endodontics is a specialized area of Dentistry that focuses on infective diseases of the dental pulp and its supporting structures. Endodontic treatment (Root Canal Treatment – RCT) essentially treats the inside of the tooth.

Endodontists are Dentists with special post-graduate training in this discipline and specialty training in endodontic procedures. They provide only endodontic services in their practices because they are specialists. To become specialists, they complete dental school and then an additional two or more years of advanced training in endodontics. They perform routine as well as difficult and very complex endodontic procedures (i.e. teeth with narrow or blocked canals or unusual anatomy), including endodontic surgery and re-treatments. Endodontists are also experienced at finding the cause of oral and facial pain that has been difficult to diagnose. As Endodontists we use advanced technology, such as operating microscopes, ultrasonics and digital imaging, to perform these special services.

Although General Dentists are able to perform Endodontic treatment, patients are often referred to an Endodontist when the case proves complicated or more difficult than usual.

To better comprehend Endodontic treatment, it helps to understand the anatomy of a tooth.

Teeth are made up of several layers. The outer layer of the tooth is composed of a hard layer called Enamel. An inner layer called Dentine, in turn, supports Enamel. At the centre of a tooth surrounded by the Dentine is a tissue known as Pulp. The Pulp contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue that are responsible for forming the surrounding Dentine and Enamel during tooth development. The Pulp receives nourishment from vessels, which enter at the end of the root. Although the Pulp is important during tooth development, it is not necessary for the function of the tooth. The tooth continues to be nourished by the tissues surrounding it even once the Pulp has been removed.

Infections of the pulp can develop subsequent to decay, deep restorations, cracks or trauma, which may then necessitate Endodontic treatment. Signs of pulp damage include pain, prolonged sensitivity to heat or cold, discoloration of the tooth and swelling and tenderness in the nearby gums. Sometimes, there may be no symptoms.